A printed sheet held up on a city street, parodying the Sex and the City title card. It reads MESS IN THE CITY in pink serif lettering above four figures in black cocktail dresses and heels with the faces of four politicians pasted onto them.
Curatorial Essay

The Lighthouse · Album 016

In Their Own Typeface

A large part of this archive was not lettered by hand. It was printed at a shop, in somebody else's layout, with the words swapped.

The placard everyone pictures is lettered by hand. A marker, a piece of card, an evening at a kitchen table, and the wobble in the last line where the writer ran out of room. This archive has plenty of those. It also has a great many sheets of A4, printed in colour at a shop, several of them slipped into the punched plastic file sleeve that is sold for school projects.

Look at what is on those sheets and the same move keeps happening. Almost none of them is an original composition. Each one is somebody else's layout with the contents changed.

A landscape print held up at dusk by two hands, parodying a pregnancy-test advertisement. Two men stand together, one behind the other with his hands on his shoulders, the front one holding a test stick and looking down at it. The line reads Adani ka hai ya Ambani ka, and the Predictor logo sits at the bottom right above the words When you want to be sure.
From the Democracy by Design archive

Nothing in that advertisement has been redrawn. The product shot is in its corner, the logo is where the logo goes, and the manufacturer's own strapline is left at the foot of the page: When you want to be sure. Two faces and one line of Hindi are the whole intervention.

That is the point of borrowing a format. A hand-lettered card asks to be believed. A borrowed one arrives already believed, because the reader recognises the shape of it before reading a word, and has to supply the rest of the joke themselves. The person holding it has not asked for attention. They have taken some that was already paid for.

A printed sheet in a punched plastic file sleeve, held overhead in a crowd, showing a mocked-up packet of nappies in the yellow and blue of a well-known brand. It reads Modi Poco pants, with a red roundel claiming India's Most Trusted Pants, a ten-hours bubble, a size S marker and a photograph of a smiling baby.
From the Democracy by Design archive

The nappy packet is the same operation on a supermarket shelf. The red roundel is where that brand puts its own claim, so the claim is simply rewritten inside it. The bubble promising ten hours is left alone, because it is funnier untouched.

The plastic sleeve is worth noticing too. It is a ring-binder pocket, the thing a school assignment is handed in inside, and here it is waterproofing. Album 002 of this Lighthouse is about rain at Jantar Mantar. The sheet was made to be carried for several hours in weather that was going to arrive.

There is a practical difference underneath the rhetorical one. A hand-lettered card costs an evening and exists once. A printed sheet costs roughly a bus fare, and it is a file before it is an object, which means it can be sent to somebody four hundred kilometres away and printed again there. That is why a joke shows up twice in this archive in two cities. Album 015 has one of them improvised in Delhi with a roll of tape and printed in Hyderabad with a coalition's name along the bottom edge.

Two photographs stacked. Above, the front of a black T-shirt printed with a screenshot of a tweet from the verified PMO India account reading I want this Government to be criticised, criticism makes democracy strong, PM at narendramodi, with the timestamp 18/04/18, 11:57 PM left visible. Below, the back of a black T-shirt in a crowd reading, in quotation marks, I ALWAYS TELL THE TRUTH. EVEN WHEN I LIE.
From the Democracy by Design archive

Then there is the shirt, which is the purest case in the archive because nothing at all has been altered.

It is a screenshot of the government's own account. The profile photograph is there, the handle is there, the blue tick is there, and so, deliberately, is the timestamp: 18/04/18, 11:57 PM. The sentence welcomes criticism. The person wearing it has added no comment of any kind. They have added a date and a body to carry it, and walked into a protest about a leaked examination paper.

On the back of the shirt, in quotation marks and attributed to nobody: I always tell the truth. Even when I lie.

A screenshot is the one object here whose meaning sits outside the photograph. It works while the original is still where it says it is, and the moment that changes the object stops being a quotation and becomes an assertion, which is a much weaker thing to be holding. No archive can prevent that. What an archive can do is record that the object existed, what it showed, and the date somebody carried it through a street, which is the half of the problem that is ours.

Three placards held up at night in a crowd. On the left, hand-lettered in black capitals on white: NOW ITS NOT JUST ABOUT THE EDUCATION MINISTERS RESIGNATION ITS ALSO ABOUT PROTECTING DEMOCRACY DEFEND OUR RIGHT. In the middle, a printed blue board addressed to SAHEB carrying two photographs of cats and the line EVEN MY CATS TREAT ME LESS OF A SLAVE THAN YOU DO. On the right, hand-lettered and decorated with small stickers: Speaking Out against GOVERNMENT CORRUPTION won't ruin your Aesthetic btw.
From the Democracy by Design archive

And then, at night, three of them in a row at the same height.

On the left the plainest object in the archive, hand-lettered in black capitals, arguing that the resignation is no longer the point. In the middle a printed board with two cat photographs on it. On the right, hand-lettered and decorated along one edge with small printed stickers, a card that is about none of this and all of it: Speaking Out against GOVERNMENT CORRUPTION won't ruin your Aesthetic btw.

Someone wrote that by hand, about the look of the thing, on a card they had taken trouble to make look good. It is the most self-aware object in the frame and it is not the printed one.

The archive collects photographs of things made to be photographed. That is not a complaint, and it is not new: a placard has always been an object made to be looked at, which is why it is held above the head. What is new is the step in between. Before the object there is a file, and the file can be a shop's job, a friend's job, or a stranger's in another state. Of the five things on this page, four will survive as long as the photographs do. The fifth depends on a tweet from 2018 staying where it is.

Browse the full archive All albums